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MEDICAL / Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
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Achilles tendinopathy and tendon rupture
Surgery is favoured in competing athletes and in cases where the rupture has become chronic. Cons...
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Acupuncture
Acupuncture is a therapeutic whole where the treatment event as such, with the interaction involv...
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Amputation of the lower limb: postoperative treatment and rehabilitation
Pain management, prevention of venous thrombosis and reduction of swelling in the stump are the p...
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Ankle fractures
The physician should be able to differentiate between stable and unstable ankle fractures and pla...
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Ankle sprain
The most common site of injury is the anterior talofibular (FTA) ligament Symptoms include pain, ...
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Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis
An integral feature of the disease is inflammation involving ligament insertion sites and facet j...
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Buttock and hip pain
Nerve root syndromes, spinal stenosis, sacroiliitis, and malignant diseases should be identified.
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Calf pain
Diagnose acute arterial occlusion, deep venous thrombosis and erysipelas immediately. Recognize c...
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Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Symptoms affecting the upper extremities, particularly nocturnal paraesthesias and numbness, shou...
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Chronic pain
The principal treatment responsibility of pain patients lies with the primary health care. Specia...
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Clinical examination of patients with joint inflammation in primary health care
Septic arthritis should be diagnosed and treated as a medical emergency in the nearest hospital. ...
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De Quervain’s disease and other tendinitides of the wrist and forearm
Tendinitis in the wrist or forearm region is often associated with straining of the hand. Primary...
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Dislocation of the shoulder
Usually a fall associated with twisting of the shoulder joint Sometimes some other forceful twis...
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Disorders of the rotator cuff of the shoulder
Rest, patient instruction and NSAIDs suffice for treatment in the majority of painful conditions ...
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Diving medicine
Diving is a popular leisure activity, and doctors should therefore be aware of diving-related med...
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Dupuytren's contracture
In Dupuytren’s contracture the palmar aponeurosis is thickened and this causes progressive ...
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Examination of the shoulder joint
Clinical examination is an essential element in the assessment of functional status and location ...
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Fibromyalgia
The diagnosis of fibromyalgia should be established to differentiate it from other disorders that...
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Fractures of the spine
Always remember the possibility of cervical spine injury in an unconscious trauma patient (cervic...
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Frozen shoulder
Spontaneous frozen shoulder should be identified from three diagnostic characteristics: severe pa...
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Ganglion
Ganglion cysts that contain gelatinous fluid can occur in any joint or tendon with a tendon sheat...
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Groin pain
Septic infections warranting immediate treatment should be identified. One should be able to clin...
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Heel pain
The causes of heel pain can generally be differentiated by the site of the pain and by clinical f...
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Humeral and forearm fractures
The cornerstone of the conservative treatment of humeral fractures is a well planned rehabilitati...
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Innocent limb aches ("growing pains") in children
Diagnosis and treatment take, as a rule, place at the primary care level. Innocent leg aches (&qu...
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Interpretation of an audiogram and impaired hearing
Reliable hearing examinations require adequate equipment and surroundings as well as qualified pe...
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Knee fractures
Fracture of the patella, Fracture of the tibial condyle, Fracture of the upper fibula a...
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Knee injuries
A knee injury should be diagnosed and treated quickly (in order to reduce the time of disability ...
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Lateral and medial epicondylitis of the elbow
The strain that triggers the symptoms must be identified. Epicondylitis usually recovers spontane...
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Leg cramps
Painful and sustained muscle contractions that occur in the lower limbs.
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Local corticosteroid injections in soft tissues and joints
Soft tissues, the glenohumeral joint, small joints, the subacromial bursa and the trochanteric bu...
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Low back pain
Sufficient time for the survey of the history and for the physical examination of the patientEarl...
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Lumbar spinal stenosis
The characteristic symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis is neurogenic claudication (spinal claudicat...
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Meralgia paraesthetica
Entrapment of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in the inguinal area Seen especially in middle-...
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Monitoring rheumatoid arthritis
The aim of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is remission (absence of symptoms, no tender or...
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Muscle compartment syndromes
Compartment syndrome should be suspected in leg injuries when the patient experiences atypical pa...
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Muscle injuries
A blow, a strain or a sharp cutting object all cause a similar type of muscle injury. Muscle tiss...
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Musculoskeletal pain
Musculoskeletal pains are mostly short-term and resolve spontaneously. In drug treatment, paracet...
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Neck and shoulder pain
Acute neck pain usually has a good prognosis and recovers spontaneously. Any factors which may ag...
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Osteoarthritis
Exercise therapy and avoidance of overweight prevent the development of osteoarthritis and reduce...
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Pain in and around the eye
Pain can be referred to the eye from many structures in the skull and neck. The characteristics a...
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Painful conditions of the ankle and foot in adults
Freiberg's disease, supernumerary navicular bone (os tibiale externum), flat foot (...
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Painful conditions of the ankle and foot in children and adolescents
Köhler's disease, Sever's disease, Freiberg's disease, Supernumerary navicular b...
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Patellar chondromalacia
Affects young and middle-aged adultsTreatment in the acute phase consists of rest; exercises are ...
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Rehabilitation of the stroke patient
The best results are obtained by starting rehabilitation early . Extensive long-term therapy is a...
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Restless legs and akathisia
Restless legs syndrome is a condition in which the patient experiences nocturnal, unpleasant sens...
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Scoliosis and kyphosis
Severe forms of the disease that develop in the early childhood should be identified. These are c...
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Spinal cord injuries
Consider the possibility of spinal cord injury in all trauma patients, and ensure that transport ...
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Stress fractures
A stress fracture should be suspected clinically when the patient gives a typical history of pain...
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Syndroma pelvis spastica
A syndrome with pain deep in the rectal area or in the pelvic floor The pain may be intermittent ...
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Thoracic outlet syndrome
Typical symptoms are pain and numbness in the fingers, hand, antebrachium, and shoulder.The sympt...
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Treatment of drug addicts
It is essential to recognize addiction (alcohol, drugs) and always act professionally and pertine...
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Treatment of spasticity
Spasticity does not necessarily require treatment. It may function as support for a limb with wea...
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Treatment of the diabetic foot
The diabetic patient's feet should be examined and the risk category recorded annually. Patie...
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Trochanteric pain
Trochanteric pain may be caused by tendopathy or rupture of m. gluteus medius or minimus or by tr...
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Whiplash injury
Whiplash injury or hyperextension-hyperflexion injury to the neck is caused by a sudden and uncon...
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Winged scapula (scapula alata)
Injury to the accessory nerve in association with a surgical intervention should be readily recog...
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