Search result for "MEDICAL / Otorhinolaryngology"
A lump in the neck
When assessing the aetiology, take into account possible symptoms of infection, the patient&rsquo...
Acute acoustic trauma
A sudden exposure to an intense sound (e.g. a gunshot, fireworks, music) may cause hearing impair...
Acute frontal sinusitis
Identify acute frontal sinusitis, provide initial care, and identify patients needing immediate t...
Acute otitis media in children: treatment, follow-up and prevention
Treatment is based on careful diagnosis . If acute otitis media (AOM) is only suspected antimicro...
Adult with ankyloglossia
Ankyloglossia (a tongue-tie) is usually diagnosed and treated in childhood. Nevertheless, ankylog...
Allergic rhinitis
The connection and interrelatedness between rhinitis and asthma must be borne in mind, and whenev...
Bad breath
Neglecting oral hygiene is the most important reason for bad breath. In at least 80% of the cases...
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vertigo inducing vestibular disord...
Cancers of the head and neck
This group consists of cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, upper respiratory tract and salivary ...
Chronic otitis media
Patients with suspected or diagnosed cholesteatoma or permanent perforation of the eardrum in a d...
Diagnosis of acute sinusitis
Acute rhinosinusitis is most often a self-limiting disease, in the treatment of which antibiotics...
Diagnosis of otitis media: symptoms, clinical examination and findings
Diagnosis is based on ear-related signs and symptoms. The child should not unnecessarily be label...
Differential diagnostics of episodic symptoms
The majority of episodic symptoms are benign, but the possibility of potentially serious conditio...
Drainage of a peritonsillar abscess
Peritonsillar abscess is the most common deep infection of the head and neck and usually a compli...
Dryness of the mouth
Dry mouth may be caused by a systemic disease or by medication. The development of dental caries ...
Dysphagia and globus sensation (globus pharyngeus)
Dysphagia should be identified and the patient referred for further investigations without delay....
Ear pain in an adult
Identify the origin of local pain by taking a careful history and by physical examination. Consid...
Ear wax
Ear wax protects the ear canal from infection. Do not remove ear wax unless it impairs hearing or...
Enlarged lymph nodes and other neck lumps in children
Bilateral lymph node enlargement on the neck is in most cases connected with a viral infection. A...
Foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract of a child
The type, consistency, and form of a swallowed foreign body determine the intensity of attempts t...
Foreign body in the nose
Typical foreign bodies in the nose include pearls, marbles, plastic toy parts, coins, peas, nuts ...
Foreign body in the respiratory passages
Personnel at emergency telephone service and health care facilities should know simple measures t...
Fracture of the nose
The diagnosis of a nasal fracture is clinical. A nasal fracture is reduced as soon as the swellin...
Fungal infections of the mouth
Candida albicans is present as a harmless commensal in the oral cavity of as many as 20–50%...
Glossitis
Glossitis may be related to local conditions (infections, irritation) or be a sign of a systemic ...
Guidelines for antimicrobial therapy
Careful clinical and laboratory investigations are essential to proper diagnosis. Local resistanc...
Hoarseness, laryngitis and dysphonia
In the treatment of laryngitis the most important advice to the patient is voice rest, to avoid c...
Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) is defined as an abrupt hearing loss of unex...
Ingestion of a caustic substance in a child
Caustic substances include acids (60–80% vinegar, acid detergents, battery acid, fiberglass...
Interpretation of an audiogram and impaired hearing
Reliable hearing examinations require adequate equipment and surroundings as well as qualified pe...
Laryngitis in children
Laryngitis is a common infection in small children. Most commonly it occurs in children aged 6&nd...
Mononucleosis
To recognize the disease and differentiate it from e.g. streptococcal tonsillitis and primary HIV...
Motion sickness
Mild symptoms need no other treatment than advice to the patient. Occasional symptoms and symptom...
Nasal polyps
Nasal polyps (nasal polyposis) is a manifestation of chronic sinusitis. Nasal polyps should be su...
Nasal stuffiness
Nasal stuffiness is a common, uncomfortable complaint and causes mouth breathing, dry mouth and m...
Nausea and vomiting
The most common cause of acute nausea is an acute gastroenteritis. The patient usually has concur...
Obstructive sleep apnoea in the adult
Sleep-related breathing disorders reduce the quality of sleep and cause daytime fatigue.Untreated...
Oral mucosal ulcers
Assess and eliminate possible irritating factors, e.g. sharp tooth edges or a rubbing prosthesis....
Otitis media in children: definition, risk factors and pathogenesis
About 40% of children experience one or more episodes of acute otitis media (AOM) by the age of o...
Pain in and around the eye
Pain can be referred to the eye from many structures in the skull and neck. The characteristics a...
Peripheral facial paralysis
Peripheral facial paralysis is often idiopathic (known as Bell’s palsy) but it may also be ...
Pituitary tumours
The majority of pituitary tumours are benign adenomas.The tumours may be hormonally active and be...
Respiratory tract infections in adults
In more than half of the cases, the causative agent is some type of rhinovirus. There is currentl...
Rhinosinusitis in children
During a common cold a child has secretions in the nasal meatuses and in the maxillary sinuses, i...
Sore throat and tonsillitis
A throat swab culture or a rapid test is taken from patients with clear signs of tonsillitis with...
Speech and language development
Children deviating from the age-related development path should be referred to a speech therapist...
Stomatitis in children
Aetiology clinical presentation and tratment of stomatitis in children
Structural anomalies in children
None of the structural anomalies listed below requires systematic screening in primary (with the ...
Swelling of the salivary glands
Antibiotic treatment is necessary if the swelling of the salivary gland is associated with purule...
Technical rehabilitation of hearing impairment
According to the prevalence of hearing defects, 5% of the population would be in need of hearing ...
Tinnitus
Establish the aetiology. In some cases, the cause may be eliminated (noise, otosclerosis, acousti...
Tonsillitis and pharyngitis in children
Antimicrobials are indicated in infections caused by group A streptococci diagnosed by culture or...
Tularaemia
There are several forms of tularaemia. In the most common, ulceroglandular form the patient has f...
Tumours of the ear canal
Smooth bony prominences, i.e. exostoses, which can be detected under the healthy skin, are a comm...
Tympanometry
Tympanometry generates a graphic curve known as a tympanogram. A tympanogram yields information a...
Tympanostomy tubes
The insertion of a tympanostomy tube (ventilation tube, grommet) is always based on individual ev...
Vertigo
Benign postural vertigo, cervical vertigo, orthostatic hypotension and vestibular neuronitis shou...
Viral infections of the oral mucosa
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 is usually responsible for symptoms in the oral mucosa and the ...
Whooping cough
Vaccination against whooping cough (pertussis) is given as a part of the national immunization pr...
